Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. The technical term for these problems is "malocclusion," which means "bad bite."
A skeletal malocclusion is a bad bite caused by a lack of balance between the shape and size of the upper and lower jaws. This imbalance can be inherited inflicted by environmental factors such as a finger habit or mouth-breathing (conditions caused by a chronic airway obstruction by the tonsils and adenoids). When the upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) have not developed in harmony with each other, a poor dental relationship results as well as an improper facial profile.
In a growing patient, a skeletal malocclusion can be corrected by using the appropriate orthodontic appliance such as a headgear, functional appliance, or Herbst. Specific instructions must be followed precisely in order to accomplish the desired result.
If left untreated, a skeletal imbalance can result in a poor facial profile, excessive stresses being placed on the teeth and their supporting structures, and an unhealthy jaw joint. Once growth has ceased and the jaw bones are set, a skeletal malocclusion usually requires a surgical procedure in order to achieve the best result.
